We are experiencing very complex moments in which global economic balances are undergoing a series of shocks caused, after the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, by the worsening of geopolitical tensions linked to the crisis in the Middle East. It is a question of facing an increasingly complex energy scenario, with new shocks linked to the availability of energy sources, their geographical location and political relations between countries. The current and future challenge is to balance the geopolitical implications of the phenomena with the need to keep sustainability at the center of the political framework, while maintaining security and equity. The strategies of the countries will have to be oriented towards guaranteeing this balance.
The Mediterranean is, in particular, a fundamental energy hub for both oil and gas which are directed towards European countries and, in perspective, has the potential to play a similar role also for renewable energy, facilitated by innovative technological solutions which open up new possibilities.
The analysis presented in this paper offers space for some reflections on this strategically important topic.